Gum disease is usually the consequence of poor oral and dental hygiene. When the harmful bacteria in the mouth is not removed by proper brushing and flossing, they can get deposited between the teeth and gums and form dental plaque. If the plaque is not removed, it can harden into tartar. So, a compromise in oral and dental hygiene can lead to the development of plaque and tartar, which will eventually cause gum infection.

Gum disease can either be gingivitis or periodontitis based on its severity.

Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the beginning phase of gum disease and is considered its mildest but most common form. It occurs from gum infection due to the bacteria present in the dental plaque. However, they can be treated with prompt at-home oral care, a professional dental cleaning, and medications.

Gingivitis - Symptoms

Gum disease begins as gingivitis and displays the following symptoms:

• Red gums
• Swollen, puffy gums
• Sore, irritated gums
• Gums that bleed after brushing or flossing
• Bad breath or a metallic taste

Periodontitis

When gingivitis is not treated on time, bacterial infection can spread beneath the gum line and underlying tissues. Without treatment, the gums may recede, forming periodontal pockets that house bacteria and destroy gum tissue and jawbone. When periodontal disease occurs, not only the gum tissues are affected, but the jaw bone structures supporting the teeth also will deteriorate and lead to eventual teeth loss.

Periodontitis - Symptoms

Healthy gums are typically pale pink in color. They appear firm and fit well around our teeth. Signs of gum infection or periodontitis include:

• Gums that bleed or grow red, swollen, or tender
• Receding gums, making the teeth appear longer
• Teeth that have become loose or pulled away from each other
• Extremely sensitive teeth
• Aching teeth or teeth surrounded by pus.
• Persistent bad breath or metallic taste